[47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. Iboku, Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. [42] K.K. Google Scholar Aye, E. A. [72] There are different narratives on the arrival of the Efik at Creek Town. [69] The Ekpe spirit cannot be seen by the uninitiated and is represented by Idem Iquo, a masquerade dressed in Esk, a multicoloured costume decorated with other traditional accoutrements. She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. At Old Calabar, traders had slowly started transitioning completely into the lucrative palm oil trade. Aye in 2000 does not mention the Efut as being the primary occupants. The Sunjata Epic is usually understood to tell the story of: the rise and fall of the seven Nubian (Kushite) kings. The ekpo masquerade, occurring to the south and east of Benin, is performed by the warrior age group in ceremonies to purify the village ritually and to maintain health. Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. And it's a symbol in both. [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. The earliest accounts are narrated in the second half of the 19th century by Explorers and missionaries. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. Powered by, Ukara cloth detail, Etara community, Cross River State, Nigeria, Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Diaspora, Introduction: Spirit Dancers, Water Deities & Mystics in the Cross River Basin and in Cuba, Upcoming film project: Seven year kp ritual cycle, Ntufam Bob Oku literature, music and drawings, Calabar Mgb International Journal / Revista Internacional, Calabar-Cuba Radio with Ene Ita and Ivor Miller, Manyu kp Funeral Rites in Yaounde, 2019, Ivor Miller research archive at Amherst College, Manyu kp procession in Yaound, March 29, 2019, Poster for funeral of Seseku Stephen Tataw (1948-2019), Tortoise shell instrument is played in the funerary procession, kp mask purifies the hearse before the procession begins, Funerary shrine representing the sacred forest of kp, kp members surround the shrine for the final rites. [34], On leaving the Uruan country, the Efik migrated to Ikpa Ene which is nicknamed Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). [19], The Ibibio origin of the Efik is one of the most popular among scholars. Proponents of this theory range from missionaries, explorers, colonial anthropologists and later historians. Historians recognize the advent and rapid rise of Ekpe as a direct result of a need for a new and effective mechanism of sociopolitical control in the complex economic environment created by the Atlantic slave trade. The traditional attire for men usually consists of a white long-sleeved shirt, a long broad soft neckerchief or scarf of costly material (Efik: kpmkpm) and a wrapper tied around the waist (Efik: Usobo).[83]. [59] According to Rev. LEFT Ezillo man drawing a grid pattern to be filled with nsibidi designs, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. The Neegee is a cannibalistic group that feeds on human flesh to satisfy their God, and to gain power from that God. Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa. part of the Balondos or Orokos in Ndian in Southern Cameroon) and Idombi (ie present town, called Bamusso in Ndian-Southern . In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth". . [14], The name "Efik" translates to "Oppressors" and is derived from the Efik-Ibibio verb root "Fik" (English: Oppress). the exhibition explores the long- The earliest list of Efik traders is provided in Jean Barbot's manuscript which was later printed in 1732. Why do you think it is important for us to understand our past? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [32] The men were wet and complained of hunger and fatigue. LEFT Omabe Eze sewing an ukara, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. The society combines a kind of freemasonry with political and law enforcing aims. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the Efik strategy for filling the international demand for slaves was via obtaining slaves from inland slave traders such as Eniong, Ndokki and Arochukwu. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. The Oroko (also Bareka/Batekka) are an ethnic group in Cameroon.They belong to the coastal Bantu group, widely known as Sawa, and primarily occupy the Ndian and Meme divisions of the Southwest Region of Cameroon.The people predominantly speak Oroko, English, and Cameroon Pidgin English.The Oroko are related to several ethnic groups (or tribes) in Cameroon's coastal areas, with whom they share . Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. Simple theme. Initiated into ekpe society at 9 as was done in those days and now not even a word is mentioned each time you talk about ekpe in manyu. [52] The Captains wrote the acting consul who was stationed at Fernando Po. At Creek town, the Efik ruler was Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo who had a number of children including Nsa Efiom, Edem Efiom, Okoho Efiom and Odo Efiom. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community.. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. Efik populations are found in the following regions: Secret societies aided in the maintaining of law and order at Old Calabar. Covering, concealing, and protecting their bodies, it functions as a physical metaphor for the ideological secrecy that the Ekpe society carefully constructs and guards. AHR ~ 125 The group believes that when they eat human flesh, they gain the ability to transform into a crocodile. The masquerade tradition itself is most popular in Calabar and the Oron nation of Udung-Ukko, Mbo, Urue-Offong Oruko, Okobo, as well as the Eket and Uruan local government areas in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria, and even western Cameroon. Over the years, the Victorian dress has been modified and given what is regarded as a dignified African look. The Leopard Society was allegedly a cannibalistic society in the early-to-mid 2oth century in Sierra Leone, Libera and Cte dIvoire. [17] Some oral accounts by early Efik men also support the Igbo origin of the Efik. In his well researched thesis titled "Ekpe Imperium in South Eastern Nigeria", Anwana (2002) identified a plenitude of evidences to validate the Ejagham/Ekoi origins of the Ekpe society. [26] At Uruan, they were ruled by a number of priest-kings Ndidem. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. This is: After his "second birth", Waiyaki is brought to a sacred grove where: After the episode in the sacred grove, Waiyaki disappears from his home to: The two daughters of Joshua, Nyambura and Muthoni, have both been forbidden by their father to: Waiyaki tries to heal the conflict between the two ridges by: Waiyaki fails to achieve his goals because: The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. Aye, Originally Ekpe Fraternity was for religious purposes, but as the Calabar community became complicated owing to the new wealth which the early trade with Europeans brought it was. Long time we no look Man-of-War as Blount promise one Frenchman come make plenty palaver for slave when we can't get them. [41] Latham hypothesizes that the Efik may have arrived before the middle of the seventeenth century. The presentation, by Ekpe members from Cameroon, Nigeria and Cuba was arranged by Chief Dr. Ivor Miller and coordinated by Sessekous Ojong-Orock, Joseph Mbu and Mbe Tazi. Opinions expressed belong solely to the author and do not represent the views of other Members, Management, or the Community at large. Write the meaning in the blank. A fraternal society that emerged in the western culture between the 16th and 7th century. Living in what is now Southeast Nigeria and Southwest Cameroon, the people were physically divided by British and German colonial holdings in Africa. [36] Nair dates the arrival of the Efik towards the end of the seventeenth century or the beginning of the eighteenth century. Several accounts have been narrated on the migration of the Efik before their arrival at Old Calabar. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. ekpe society cameroonworld market toblerone. Originally, items such as onions (Oyim mbakara) was rare in Efik meals. Define monsoon, Sanskrit, raja, caste system, caste, Hinduism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, Buddhism, ascetic, nirvana. The Ekpo/Ekpe society is a significant part of the Ibibio political system. ugly and deformed, but predicted to be the mother of a great king. [36] According to Aye, "Ikpa Ene could not carry the bulk of Iboku population, Ndodoghi had to accommodate what spilt over, and the two settlements, still under one rule, were separated by the left branch of the river which became their "inland sea". . [8] The bulk of the Efik can be found in Calabar. Papers documenting the research materials and scholarly work of Dr. Ivor L. Miller in cultural studies of the African Diaspora. Another theory which is narrated by Forde and Jones states that the name "Efik" translates to "Tyrants" or "He who oppresses" and was the name of which the Efik called themselves after they had settled at Creek town.[12]. In the culture we have discussed, the term badenya refers to: the relationship between the mother and child, and full siblings - implying closeness, trust, cooperation, unselfishness, and acceptance of rules. The Ekoi in Cameroon are found in the South Western region of the count. Internal details about the membership and brotherhood demands of this ancient group is supposedly a top secret known only to the members. Alcoholic content may be increased via adding the red bark of Edat (Sacoglottis gabonensis) to the wine. The Ekpe society may be regarded as one of the most important institutions among the Efik people. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. Their king on the eastern Calabar coast was known as Ating Anua Efiom. The story of The River Between by Ngugi wa Thiong'o, takes place in _________________ (name of present-day country) in the mid 1800's. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. [44][52] Aye uses Adiaha Etim Anwa's ballad as one of the basis for his hypothesis. They believed feasting on a human strengthened their bonds. Hope Waddell, Samuel Edgerley and four others. [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. The destruction of Obutong occurred in 1854. They use a variety of masks to execute social control. Probably about 8000 BC one group reached Nigeria by an overland route and settled at Ibom (Arochuku) there they erected the famous shrine now known as the Long Juju of Arochuku. clothing stores in columbia mall One theory states that the Efik and Uruan had separate religious customs and the Efik refused to worship the Uruan deity Atakpor Uruan Inyang. I was very poorno job and I has no money to even feed and take care of myfamily I was confuse in life I dont know what to do I try allmy possible best to get money but no one work out for meeach day I share tears, I was just looking out my family nomoney to take care of them until one day I decided to jointhe great Illuminati , I come across them in the internet Inever believe I said let me try I email them.all what theysaid we happen in my life just started it was like a dream tome they really change my story totally .